Um diálogo com andrea canevaro / A conversation with andrea canevaro

RESUMO Esta entrevista tem como objetivo compartilhar as reflexões de Andrea Canevaro, um estudioso considerado o principal acadêmico que se dedicou à Educação Especial e à inclusão escolar na Itália, nos últimos 40 anos, com trabalho que se desdobra em muitos outros países, o qual contempla atividades de formação de profissionais, coordenação de projetos e assessoria a órgãos públicos no campo educacional. Por meio de um diálogo, procurou-se dar destaque às dimensões históricas e aos desafios atuais concernentes às políticas de inclusão escolar, às mudanças na organização dos serviços e ao avanço de novas perspectivas na compreensão de fenômenos como a deficiência. A análise procura colocar em evidência dinâmicas que favoreceram as transformações na organização dos serviços e a criação de novas alternativas no campo pedagógico.

ABSTRACT This interview aims to share Andrea Canevaro's reflections, a scholar considered the main academic who has dedicated himself to Special Education and school inclusion in Italy, in the last 40 years, with work that unfolds in many other countries, which includes training activities for professionals, project coordination and consulting services for public institutions in the educational field. Through a dialog, it was sought to shed light on the historical dimensions and current challenges related to school inclusion policies, changes in the organization of services and the promotion of new perspectives in the understanding of phenomena such as disability. This analysis aims to highlight dynamics that have favored changes in the organization of services and the creation of new alternatives in the pedagogical field.

A Tribute to Giovanni Verga: An Italian Verist (The Centennial Commemoration)

Giovanni Verga is one of the greatest Italian writers of the second half of the nineteenth century. He is best known for his depiction of life in Sicilian land, especially through his short stories, plays and novels. His literature gives insight to the poverty, customs, traditions, myth, superstitions and reality of the prosaic life in Sicilian land. He died in Catania in 1922 at the age of 82 due to cerebral thrombosis. The year 2022 is globally celebrated as death centenary of Giovanni Verga. By recalling his contribution to the development of Italian Literature, the present paper pays a sort of tribute to him

Beyond The Boundaries: Understanding Buddhist Development From Orient To Occident With Reference To Italy And Dante

On the viewpoint of topographical location Orient and Occident are two sides of the globe. Socially, culturally, linguistically, traditionally, politically, philosophically and psychologically both are two entirely different entities. Rudyard Kipling wrote the poem titled 'The Ballad of East and West' in which he said “Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet” (Jouhki, 2006, p 01). However, when the matter of meditation, religion, spirituality, devotion, high spirits, deep feelings and beliefs etc. arises it is observable that Occident tends to go in line with Orient. But unfortunately due to false beliefs both eastern and western scholars took no importance of East on the West and it has been made to notice that only Orient has learnt from the Occident. Kipling expressed further “But there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth,When two strong men stand face to face, tho' they come from the ends of the earth!” (Jouhki, 2006, p 15). The present paper tries to explore the influence of Orient to Occident especially in the frame of the reference of Buddhism .

História oral e ética: um olhar comparativo entre Brasil, Canadá e Itália / Oral history and ethics: a comparative gaze on Brazil, Canada, and Italy

Resumo O artigo apresenta um diálogo entre as experiências brasileiras, canadenses e italianas quanto aos desafios colocados por avaliações éticas "externas" (feitas por comitês de ética e órgãos correlatos) e "internas" (resultante dos debates dos/as próprios/as pesquisadores/as) à história oral. Pretende demonstrar as diferentes maneiras de lidar com as imposições estranhas à área, revelar as estratégias de ação colocadas em prática e destacar questões centrais para o trabalho responsável com história oral. O espírito que anima a escrita é o de repensar as próprias experiências e de aprender com as alheias.

Abstract This article presents a dialogue between the experiences of Brazil, Canada, and Italy in addressing the challenges posed by ethical evaluations, both "external" (by ethics committees and related bodies) and "internal" (in debates among researchers themselves), of oral history. It attempts to demonstrate the different ways impositions from outside the area have been handled, the action strategies adopted, and issues central to responsible work in the sphere of oral history. It is written with the spirit of rethinking one's own experiences and learning from those of others.

Psychological reality and psychoanalysis at the Padua Laboratory of Psychology / Realidad psicológica y psicoanálisis en el Laboratorio de Psicología de Padua

Abstract As it spread across Italy, psychoanalysis captured the interest of Italian psychologists, namely Vittorio Benussi (1878-1927) and Cesare Musatti (1897-1989). Benussi, who was trained as an experimental psychologist according to the Gegenstandstheorie School of Graz in 1919, came to Italy and became a full professor of experimental psychology in Padua. He undertook a program of study called "psychological reality" that comprised hypnosuggestion and psychoanalysis. This article shows that Benussi's hypnosuggestion experiments and Musatti's theorization of the reality of fantasy were attempts to upgrade the study of psychological phenomena to the level of physical phenomena in a theoretical context in which psychoanalysis was considered part of a general psychology.

Resumen A medida que se extendía por Italia, el psicoanálisis captó el interés de los psicólogos italianos Vittorio Benussi (1878-1927) y Cesare Musatti (1897-1989). Benussi, se formó como psicólogo experimental según la Escuela Gegenstandstheorie de Graz en 1919, llegó a Italia y se convirtió en profesor titular de psicología experimental en Padua. Realizó un programa de estudio llamado "realidad psicológica" que comprendía hipnosugestión y psicoanálisis. Este artículo muestra que los experimentos de hipnosugestión de Benussi y la teorización de la realidad de la fantasía de Musatti fueron intentos de elevar el estudio de los fenómenos psicológicos al nivel de los fenómenos físicos en un contexto teórico en el que se consideraba el psicoanálisis parte de una psicología general.

Necrodes littoralis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) visiting and breeding on a carcass in Italy

@#The community that progressively colonizes a decaying corpse can be considered a small ecosystem mostly composed of sarcosaprophagous arthropods belonging to the orders Diptera and Coleoptera. Studies on these species are often performed through animal models to obtain data on their succession, behaviour and life cycle, together with information on habitat, corpse conditions, season and association with other species. These data may be relevant for forensic investigations, especially concerning the estimation of Post Mortem Interval (PMI). An investigation on the sarcosaprophagous insect community in a rural area was set in Calabria (Southern Italy), using a pig, Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (Artiodactyla: Suidae) as experimental model. Analyses of the community of Diptera and Coleoptera revealed the massive presence of Necrodes littoralis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Adults of this species reached the carcass during the bloated stage and a large amount of larvae was detected from the decay stage onwards, simultaneous to the sharp decrease in dipteran larvae and pupae. The occurrence and the activity of N. littoralis should be considered to avoid misinterpretation and errors in estimating PMI in forensic investigation.

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in semen of 36 males with symptomatic, asymptomatic, and convalescent infection during the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), has been identified in the human testis, but the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through sexual intercourse still needs to be defined. The goal of our study was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in the semen of patients suffering or recovering from coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), still testing positive at nasopharyngeal swabs but showing mild or no symptoms at the time of sampling. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in semen was performed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR targeting open reading frame (ORF) 1ab. Medical history of the enrolled patients was taken, including COVID-19-correlated symptoms, both at the time of diagnosis and at the time of interview. Results of real-time RT-PCR and nested PCR in semen showed no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the 36 patients suffering or recovering from COVID-19 but still positive in a nasopharyngeal swab, from over 116 patients enrolled in the study. SARS-CoV-2 detection and persistence in semen would have an impact on both clinical practice and public health strategies, but our results would suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is not present in the semen of men recovering from COVID-19.

Francesco Federico Falco, el médico italiano que luchó por la independencia de Cuba

RESUMEN La lucha por la independencia de Cuba contó con numerosos partidarios en Europa, pero la contribución más notable de sacrificio y sangre fue la ofrecida por Italia. Entre los italianos que apoyaron la libertad para Cuba, estuvo el doctor Francesco Federico Falco, graduado de médico en la Universidad de Roma y especializado en cirugía. Como secretario del Comité Italiano por la libertad de Cuba, realizó una intensa labor propagandística de solidaridad por la causa independentista de los cubanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es evocar la actitud revolucionaria del médico italiano que participó en la guerra de 1895, a favor de la causa cubana. El doctor Falco se unió al Ejército Libertador en 1898, para prestar servicios como médico en el cuerpo de sanidad militar. Se destacó por su valentía como combatiente y alcanzó el grado de comandante. Al instaurarse la República, el gobierno cubano lo nombró en cargos diplomáticos en países de Europa y finalmente en Italia, donde inició las relaciones diplomáticas entre las dos naciones. Se destacó como intelectual, con una fructífera obra literaria en la que patentizó que contribuyó a divulgar la historia de Cuba. La participación de médicos cubanos junto a colegas italianos en el enfrentamiento a la actual pandemia de la COVID-19, causada por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, recuerda al doctor italiano Francesco Federico Falco, que se incorporó como médico al Ejército Libertador, para luchar junto a los cubanos contra el colonialismo español en la postrimería del siglo XIX.

ABSTRACT The fight for Cuban independence had numerous supporters in Europe, but the most notable contribution of sacrifice and blood was that offered by Italy. Among the Italians who supported freedom for Cuba was Dr. Francesco Federico Falco, a medical graduate from the University of Rome and specialized in surgery. As secretary of the Italian Committee for the Freedom of Cuba, he carried out intense propaganda work of solidarity for the independence cause of Cubans. The objective of this work is to evoke the revolutionary attitude of the Italian doctor who participated in the war of 1895, in favor of the Cuban cause. Dr. Falco joined the Liberation Army in 1898, to serve as a doctor in the military health corps. He was noted for his bravery as a fighter and reached the rank of Commander. When the Republic was established, the Cuban government appointed him to diplomatic positions in European countries and finally in Italy, where he began diplomatic relations between the two nations. He stood out as an intellectual, with a fruitful literary work in which he demonstrated his commitment to Cuba and contributed to spreading its history. The participation of Cuban doctors along with Italian colleagues in the confrontation with the current pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, reminds the Italian Dr. Francesco Federico Falco, who joined the Liberation Army as a doctor, to fight together with the Cubans, against colonialism Spanish in the late nineteenth century.

National Health Systems and the pandemic by COVID-19: actions to cope with Brazil and Italy / Sistemas Nacionais de Saúde e a pandemia por COVID-19: ações de enfrentamento do Brasil e da Itália

Abstract The objective was to identify the actions developed by the health systems of Brazil and Italy to face the pandemic caused by COVID19. This is an integrative literature review in the Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Virtual Health Library databases, with the addition of the snowball technique, in July 2020. After collection, 48 publications constituted the sample. The actions of the health systems of the two countries to face the pandemic were grouped into the categories: Adequacy of the legal norms of the health system; Expansion and strengthening of the health system; Use of Information and Communication Technologies; Encouraging individual and collective measures to face the pandemic; and Limitations and challenges in facing the pandemic. The measures adopted are influenced by the political, economic and social contexts. There was a reorganization of the hospital network in both countries, but weaknesses are identified in the preventive actions developed by Primary Health Care, with a predominance of the biomedical model. Telemedicine stood out in this scenario and could last in the post-pandemic. The summary of actions will subsidize the confrontation of other pandemics that, eventually, the health systems of these and other countries may encounter.

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar as ações desenvolvidas pelos sistemas de saúde do Brasil e da Itália para o enfrentamento da pandemia por COVID19. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, com adição da técnica snowball, em julho de 2020. Após a coleta, 48 publicações constituíram a amostra. As ações dos sistemas de saúde dos dois países para o enfrentamento da pandemia foram agrupadas nas categorias: Adequação do normativo legal do sistema de saúde; Ampliação e fortalecimento do sistema de saúde; Uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação; Estímulo às medidas individuais e coletivas para enfrentamento da pandemia; e Limitações e desafios no enfrentamento da pandemia. As medidas adotadas são influenciadas pelos contextos político, econômico e social. Houve a reorganização da rede hospitalar nos dois países, mas identificam-se fragilidades nas ações preventivas desenvolvidas pela Atenção Primária à Saúde, predominando o modelo biomédico. A telemedicina destacou-se neste cenário e poderá perdurar no pós-pandemia. A sumarização das ações subsidiará o enfrentamento de outras pandemias com que, eventualmente, os sistemas de saúde destes e de outros países possam se deparar.

"Si hay un riesgo, quiero poder elegir": gestión y percepción del riesgo en los movimientos de reticencia a la vacunación italianos / "If there is a risk, I should have a choice": Risk management and risk perception in Italian vaccine hesitancy movements

RESUMEN En Italia, la aplicación de la obligatoriedad de las vacunas infantiles en 2017 ha sido una consecuencia de la consolidación de la reticencia a la vacunación, un fenómeno que se ha difundido en mayor medida a partir del despliegue de las redes sociales. Este artículo plantea la gestión y percepción del riesgo sobre las vacunaciones infantiles a través del análisis de los contenidos online compartidos por parte de los movimientos de reticencia italianos, realizado entre diciembre de 2019 y abril de 2020. Los resultados señalan que estos movimientos actúan una reinterpretación del riesgo, de la evidencia científica y de la responsabilidad parental sobre todo a través de una presupuesta correlación entre vacuna antisarampión y autismo. Las limitaciones de las decisiones políticas en tema de vacunas se deben a la aplicación de estrategias de carácter punitivo, como sanciones administrativas y exclusión del registro de médicos, que expresan ideas "no vax", factores que pueden aumentar la desconfianza en la clase política y la medicina.

ABSTRACT In Italy, the passing of mandatory pediatric vaccinations in 2017 was a consequence of increasing vaccine hesitancy in the country, a phenomenon that has largely spread on social networks. This article examines risk management and risk perception regarding pediatric vaccinations through an analysis of online content shared by Italian vaccine hesitancy movements between December of 2019 and April of 2020. Results show that these movements carry out a reinterpretation of risk, scientific evidence, and parental responsibility, especially with regard to the alleged correlation between the measles vaccine and autism. The limitations of political decisions surrounding vaccines are due to the application of punitive measures such as administrative penalties and licensing bans for doctors who express "anti-vax" ideas, aspects which may increase distrust towards the political establishment and the medical profession.

International Experience and Enlightenment of Medical Insurance Reimbursement for Multi-indication Drugs Based on Value-based Pricing / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for improving medical insurance reimbursement for multi-indication drugs based on value-based pricing in China. METHODS：The theory and practice of value-based pricing for multi-indication drugs were sorted out，and the value standards and medical insurance reimbursement strategies based on value-based pricing in France，Germany，UK，Italy and Sweden were analyzed，so as to provide the suggestions for medical insurance reimbursement of multi-indication drugs in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：The realization of value-based pricing first needed to develop a value framework to define，measure and integrate value，and then established a model to convert the total value into price. The overall idea of value-based pricing for multi-indication drugs was consistent，but there were differences in the value standard. In the UK and Sweden， quality-adjusted life years （QALYs） and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios （ICERs） measured by pharmacoeconomicsare used as the value standard. France，Germany and Italy were more focused on the therapeutic value and clinical benefit improvement. As for medical insurance reimbursement strategies，France adopted single weighting method based on expected volume. Germany adopted combination weighting method based on value and volume. UK introduced the Patient Access Schemes and Italy introduced the Managed Entry reements，both based on the nominal reimbursement standard. Sweden adopted independent reimbursement for different indications by different brand names. It is suggested that China can explore the value-based pricing strategies of multi-indication drugs on the basis of the above international experiences，reference and use these variety of medical insurance reimbursement strategies comprehensively. Simultaneously，the information collection mechanism of patients and drug use should be improved to provide data support for the implementation of China’s value-based pricing and reimbursement strategies for multi-indication drugs.

Observation of the effect on immediate mandibular implant-supported overdenture of micro implant system of Italy / Observação do efeito na sobredentadura imediata mandibular suportada por implante do sistema de micro implante da Itália

The study was design to investigate the clinical effect of Micro implant system in Italy on immediate mandibular implant-supported overdenture. A total of 192 patients with mandibular edentulous treated in our hospital were randomly divided into 2 groups in which the control group consisted of 96 patients treated with immediate mandibular implant-supported overdenture by Xive implant system, while the observation group included 96 cases treated with the overdenture by Italy Micro implant system. Patients were followed up for 1 year and then the states of implant-borne overdentures, marginal bone resorption around alveolar bone, the compatibility of implant restorations with adjacent teeth, adverse events and satisfaction degree were compared between the groups. According to the results of 1-year follow-up, the resorption around alveolar bone of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). In the observation group the differences in labial gingival margin position, gingival color and texture were significantly better (p<0.05) as compared to control group. The incidence of adverse events was notably lower (p<0.05). The Italy Micro implant system has significant curative effect on mandibular implant-supported overdentures with good compatibility of the implant restorations with adjacent teeth and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, so it is worthy of clinical application and spreading.

O estudo foi desenvolvido para investigar o efeito clínico do sistema de implantes de B&B na Itália na prótese total imediata apoiada em implante mandibular. Um total de 192 pacientes com desdentação mandibular, tratados em nosso hospital foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos, nos quais o grupo controle consistia em 96 pacientes tratados com overdenture imediato apoiado por implante mandibular pelo sistema de implante Xive, enquanto o grupo de observação incluiu 96 casos tratados com o sobredentadura pelo sistema de implantes Itália B&B. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 1 ano e, em seguida, foram comparados os estados de sobredentaduras implanto-suportadas, reabsorção óssea marginal ao redor do osso alveolar, compatibilidade das restaurações do implante com dentes adjacentes, eventos adversos e grau de satisfação. De acordo com os resultados do seguimento de 1 ano, a reabsorção ao redor do osso alveolar do grupo de observação foi significativamente maior que a do grupo controle (p <0,05). No grupo de observação, as diferenças na posição da margem gengival labial, cor gengival e textura foram significativamente melhores (p <0,05) em comparação ao grupo controle. A incidência de eventos adversos foi notavelmente menor (p <0,05). O sistema de implantes B&B da Itália tem um efeito curativo significativo nas sobredentaduras mandibulares suportadas por implantes, com boa compatibilidade das restaurações dos implantes com dentes adjacentes e baixa taxa de incidência de reações adversas, por isso é digno de aplicação clínica e disseminação.

O amor italiano com o esporte / The italian love affair with sport / El romance italiano con el deporte

A presente resenha compreende uma análise sobre o livro Sport Italia ­ The Italian Love Affair With Sport, obra que tematiza a trajetória do esporte no contexto italiano, explorando principalmente sua relação com a formação cultural do país. O livro apresenta a relação singular que a Itália apresenta com modalidades esportivas como futebol, automobilismo e ciclismo. O autor aponta que existe uma forte imbricação do fenômeno esportivo com as esferas política e religiosa. Nesse sentido, aponta-se que o livro justifica sua relevância acadêmica por conciliar o estudo da cultura esportiva italiana com análises amparadas por uma considerável quantidade de fontes primárias.

This review includes an analysis of the book Sport Italia - The Italian Love Affair With Sport, a work that thematizes the trajectory of the sport in the Italian context, exploring mainly its relation with the cultural formation of the country. The book presents the unique relationship that Italy presents with sports such as football, motor racing and cycling. The author points out that there is a strong imbrication of the sports phenomenon with the political and religious spheres. In this sense, it is pointed out that the book justifies its academic relevance by conciliating the study of the Italian sports culture with analyzes supported by a considerable amount of primary sources.

La presente reseña incluye un análisis sobre el libro Sport Italia - The Italian Love Affair With Sport, obra que tematiza la trayectoria del deporte en el contexto italiano, explorando principalmente su relación con la formación cultural del país. El libro presenta la relación singular que Italia presenta con modalidades deportivas como fútbol, automovilismo y ciclismo. El autor apunta que existe una fuerte imbricación del fenómeno deportivo con las esferas política y religiosa. En ese sentido, se apunta que el libro justifica su relevancia académica por conciliar el estudio de la cultura deportiva italiana con análisis amparados por una considerable cantidad de fuentes primarias.

Learning from the Italian experience in coping with COVID-19

Abstract INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, the rapid increase in COVID-19 cases overburdened the Italian health system, with the country becoming the pandemic's epicenter. METHODS: We present a narrative review based on manuscripts, official documents, and newspaper articles regarding COVID-19 in Italy. RESULTS: Characteristics of the epidemic, possible causes for its worsening, and the measures adopted across Italian regions are presented. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stages of an epidemic, effective decision-making is essential to contain the number of cases. Medical support for patients and social isolation measures are the most appropriate strategies currently available to reduce the spread and lethality of COVID-19.

Franco Basaglia: biografia de um revolucionário / Franco Basaglia: biography of a revolutionary

Resumo 1978-2018: 40 anos da aprovação da lei 180 (Lei Basaglia), que decretou o encerramento dos hospitais psiquiátricos italianos (com quase cem mil internados), principal alvo da longa e incansável luta de Franco Basaglia, que dedicou a vida inteira ao combate da violência das instituições totais e, em particular, do manicômio. O presente artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre a trajetória humana, intelectual e profissional de Basaglia, realçando suas críticas contra o atraso das clínicas universitárias, seu interesse pela dimensão terapêutica do cuidado (Binswanger e Minkowski), sua aproximação da filosofia europeia mais aberta à complexidade do ser humano (Husserl, Jaspers, Merleau-Ponty e Sartre) e seu encontro com a perspectiva histórica (Foucault), sociológica (Goffman) e anti-institucional (Fanon) da doença mental.

Abstract 1978-2018: 40 years since the passing of the Basaglia law, which decreed the closure of psychiatric hospitals in Italy (where almost hundred thousand were confined), the primary goal of Franco Basaglia in his lifelong struggle against the violence of total institutions and, in particular, mental asylums. This article offers a reflection on the human, intellectual, and professional trajectory of Basaglia, highlighting his criticisms of the backwardness of university clinics, his interest in the therapeutic dimension of care (Binswanger and Minkowski), the influence on his thinking of European philosophy more open to the complexity of the human being (Husserl, Jaspers, Merleau-Ponty, and Sartre), and his encounter with historical (Foucault), sociological (Goffman), and anti-institutional (Fanon) perspectives on mental health.

Um estudo comparado dos Palestras Itália de São Paulo e de Belo Horizonte (1914-1933) / A comparative study of Palestras Itália São Paulo and Belo Horizonte (1914-1933)

No presente trabalho analisaremos em perspectiva comparada o Palestra Itália, fundado em São Paulo em 1914, que após 1942 passou a chamar-se Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, com o Palestra Itália de Belo Horizonte, que iniciou suas atividades em 1921 e após 1942 transformou-se em Cruzeiro Esporte Clube. Nosso objetivo central será analisar comparativamente o processo de afirmação dos dois times, buscando compreender qual a importância do futebol, no processo de inserção e pertencimento dos italianos nas duas capitais mencionadas, e qual a contribuição dos Palestras para sedimentar a noção de identidade italiana, entre os membros da colônia, no período de 1914 à 1933.

In this paper we are going to analyze in comparative perspective, the Palestra Italia, founded in São Paulo in 1914, which after 1942 became known Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, with the Palestra Italia in Belo Horizonte, which began its activities in 1921 and after 1942 became Cruzeiro Esporte Clube. Our main objective is to comparatively analyze the process of affirmation of the two teams, trying to understand how important soccer is in the process of inclusion and belonging of the Italians in the two aforementioned capitals, and the contribution of both Palestra teams to settle the notion of Italian identity, and members of the colony, in the period 1914 to 1933.

Knowledge that traveled between Italy and Spain during the Franco regime: the construction of radioactivity counters / Conhecimento itinerante entre a Itália e a Espanha durante o regime de Franco: a construção dos medidores de radioatividade

Abstract In this paper I propose a reflection on instruments and political power. The objective is to analyze how the knowledge, experiences, and practices that circulated and traveled via radioactivity counters between Italy and Spain constructed and influenced both nuclear energy and political power during the Franco regime. I show people, materials, instruments, and knowledge that traveled, which permits us to think about the Spanish scientists and their role in the circulation of scientific materials and knowledge and as vectors of diplomatic and political relations.

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre os instrumentos e o poder político. O objetivo é analisar como o conhecimento, as experiências, e práticas que circularam e viajaram entre a Itália e a Espanha, por meio dos contadores de radioatividade, construíram e influenciaram tanto a energia nuclear e o poder político durante o regime de Franco. O trabalho revela pessoas, materiais, instrumentos e conhecimentos itinerantes que nos permite pensar nos cientistas espanhóis e no seu papel na circulação de material e conhecimento científicos, ao mesmo tempo que atuaram como vetores das relações diplomáticas e políticas da época.

Assessing the Parasitic Burden in a Late Antique Florentine Emergency Burial Site

Excavation (2008–2014) carried out under the Uffizi Gallery (Florence, Italy) led to the discovery of 75 individuals, mostly buried in multiple graves. Based on Roman minted coins, the graves were preliminarily dated between the second half of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE. Taphonomy showed that this was an emergency burial site associated with a catastrophic event, possibly an epidemic of unknown etiology with high mortality rates. In this perspective, paleoparasitological investigations were performed on 18 individuals exhumed from 9 multiple graves to assess the burden of gastrointestinal parasitism. Five out of eighteen individuals (27.7%) tested positive for ascarid-type remains; these are considered as “decorticated” Ascaris eggs, which have lost their outer mammillated coat. Roundworms (genus Ascaris) commonly infest human populations under dire sanitary conditions. Archaeological and historical evidence indicates that Florentia suffered a period of economic crisis between the end of 4th and the beginning of the 5th centuries CE, and that the aqueduct was severely damaged at the beginning of the 4th century CE, possibly during the siege of the Goths (406 CE). It is more than plausible that the epidemic, possibly coupled with the disruption of the aqueduct, deeply affected the living conditions of these individuals. A 27.7% frequency suggests that ascariasis was widespread in this population. This investigation exemplifies how paleoparasitological information can be retrieved from the analysis of sediments sampled in cemeteries, thus allowing a better assessment of the varying frequency of parasitic infections among ancient populations.

A "teoria do gender" na Itália: um posicionamento circunstanciado sobre um significante flutuante / The "teoria del gender" in Italy: a partisan essay on a floating signifier / La "teoría del gender" en Italia: un ensayo partisano acerca de un significante fluctuante / La "théorie du genre" en Italie: une étude partisane sur un signifiant flottant

Como teórico queer me sinto implicado em primeira pessoa na frente de resistência contra a cruzada católica "anti-gender". Consequentemente, neste artigo não assumirei uma posição neutra, mas sim, assumirei uma posição política. Durante minhas intervenções públicas na Itália, diante de padres e professores alarmados, ou estudantes e eleitores confusos, trato de esclarecer sobre o pânico criado ao redor do conceito de gênero e, deste modo, convido as pessoas a tomarem consciência sobre a radicalidade do conflito e a se posicionarem sobre isso. Com este objetivo, nas páginas seguintes trato principalmente das seguintes questões: "O que é a teoria do gender"? Por que os estudos contemporâneos e as teorias queer não são "teoria do gender"?

As a queer scholar, I consider myself personally involved in the Italian LGBTQI+ field of resistance against the Catholic "anti-gender" crusade. As a consequence, I will not keep a neutral stand-point throughout this article, but I am going to assume a partisan position. In my public speeches in Italy, when I am confronted with over-concerned parents and teachers, or equally confused students and voters, I try to clear away the panic around the concept of gender, and at the same time I invite people to become aware of how radical the conflict is, and to take a stance on it. With these goals in mind, I generally tackle two issues, each of which can be put into a question: what is "teoria del gender"? and why are current gender studies and queer theories different from "teoria del gender"? In these pages, once again, I am going to attempt to answer these questions.

Como teórico queer me siento implicado em primera persona em el bloque de resistencia contra la cruzada católica "anti-gender". Em consecuencia, en este artículo no asumiré una actitud neutral, sino um posicionamento partisano. Durante mis intervenciones públicas em Italia, frente a padres y a profesores alarmados o a estudiantes y votantes confundidos, trato de despejar el campo del pánico que se ha creado entorno al concepto de género y, a su vez, invito a las personas a tomar conciencia acerca de em qué medida el conflicto es radical, y a posicionarse al respecto. Con tal finalidad, afronto principalmente dos cuestiones, cada una de las cuales puede ser resumida en una pregunta. ¿Qué es la "teoria del gender"? ¿Y por qué los estúdios contemporáneos y las teorías que-er no son "teoria del gender"? Trataré de responder a estas preguntas también em las páginas que siguen.

En tant que chercheur queer, je me considère personnellement engagé dans le champ de la résistance LGBTQI+ contre la croisade catholique "anti-genre". Ainsi, dans cet article, je n'assumerai pas une position neutre, mais bien une position partisane. Lors de mes interventions publiques en Italie, lors-que je suis interpellé par des parents ou des enseignants hyper-inquiets, des étudiants ou des électeurs tout aussi confus, je tâche de balayer toute cette panique autour du concept de genre et, en mê-me temps, j'invite les gens à prendre conscience du conflit et de sa radicalité, et aussi à prendre position. Ayant en tête ces objectifs, généralement j'aborde deux problématiques, chacune pouvant être formulée dans les termes d'une question : qu'est-ce que la "théorie du genre" ? Et pourquoi les études de genre et les théories queer actuelles ne sont pas la "théorie du genre" ? Dans les pages qui suivent, encore une fois, j'essaierai de répondre à ces questions.

Characteristics of Adrenal Incidentalomas in a Large, Prospective Computed Tomography-Based Multicenter Study: The COAR Study in Korea

PURPOSE: Previous studies on adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) are limited by their retrospective design, small numbers of patients, Western populations, or use of an outdated imaging technique. We investigated the characteristics of AIs in Korean patients and compared them with those reported in the largest retrospective study in Italy to discover the effects of improved imaging techniques and ethnicity differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional observational study including 1005 Korean patients. Levels of plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone, 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC), serum cortisol after a 1 mg-dexamethasone suppression test, 24-h urinary fractionated metanephrine, and plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity were measured. All AIs were characterized using computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: Compared with the results of the Italian study, AIs in Korean patients were observed more frequently in men and predominantly on the left side. Korean patients with AIs were slightly younger, and fewer patients underwent surgery. Most AIs were nonfunctional in both studies, while fewer subclinical hypercortisolism and more primary aldosteronism (PA) cases were detected in Korean patients. In our study, high UFC levels showed very low sensitivity, compared to those in the Italian study. In pheochromocytoma or PA cases, there were no hormonal differences between the studies. AIs in Korean patients were smaller, such that a lower cutoff size for detecting adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) could be warranted. CONCLUSION: Recent advances in CT technology were leveraged to provide accurate characteristics of AIs and to detect smaller ACCs.